{"id":1066,"date":"2024-12-13T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-12-13T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/control-advent.com\/?p=1066"},"modified":"2025-11-28T19:05:46","modified_gmt":"2025-11-28T18:05:46","slug":"13-o-debate-sobre-a-lei-de-retroalimentacao-o-pai-natal-deveria-exigir-mais-das-suas-renas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/control-advent.com\/?p=1066","title":{"rendered":"13 &#8211; O Debate sobre a Lei da Realimenta\u00e7\u00e3o: O Pai Natal Deveria Exigir Mais das Suas Renas?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><strong>Autor desta quest\u00e3o:<\/strong><\/strong> Anthony Rossiter, <em>School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering<\/em>, University of Sheffield, Inglaterra<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">O Pai Natal tem utilizado durante muitos anos uma harmoniosa estrat\u00e9gia para guiar as suas renas \u2014 dando-lhes instru\u00e7\u00f5es cuidadosas e graduais para abrandar \u00e0 medida que se aproximam de cada telhado para evitar aterragens bruscas. Este m\u00e9todo, conhecido como &#8220;lei de realimenta\u00e7\u00e3o&#8221;, indica-lhes que devem usar uma for\u00e7a igual a <em>K<\/em> vezes a dist\u00e2ncia restante a percorrer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Com a configura\u00e7\u00e3o atual (curva azul na figura abaixo), as renas do Pai Natal desaceleram gradualmente at\u00e9 aterrarem a uma velocidade de zero, mesmo sobre a casa, o que \u00e9 agrad\u00e1vel e seguro mas \u00e9 um bocado lento. As renas seguem bem este m\u00e9todo, mas a desacelera\u00e7\u00e3o lenta significa que o Pai Natal mal consegue terminar a sua rota a tempo. Por isso, tem uma nova ideia: Talvez se desse instru\u00e7\u00f5es mais ousadas (aumentando o par\u00e2metro <em>K<\/em>), as renas podessem acelerar a sua aproxima\u00e7\u00e3o, fazendo paragens mais r\u00e1pidas e poupando tempo. Como as renas s\u00e3o m\u00e1gicas, e nunca parecem cansar-se, o Pai Natal acredita que este m\u00e9todo vai funcionar maravilhosamente: quanto maior for <em>K<\/em>, mais r\u00e1pida ser\u00e1 a entrega!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mas aqui est\u00e1 a quest\u00e3o: ser\u00e1 que o Pai Natal deve ser mais ousado nos seus comandos (aumentando <em>K<\/em> para um n\u00famero maior), ou ser\u00e1 que n\u00e3o deve alterar <em>K<\/em> de todo para aterrar mais rapidamente nos telhados?<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"840\" height=\"630\" src=\"https:\/\/control-advent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/13DecPT.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1111\" srcset=\"https:\/\/control-advent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/13DecPT.jpg 840w, https:\/\/control-advent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/13DecPT-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/control-advent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/13DecPT-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/control-advent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/13DecPT-24x18.jpg 24w, https:\/\/control-advent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/13DecPT-36x27.jpg 36w, https:\/\/control-advent.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/13DecPT-48x36.jpg 48w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">a. \ud83d\ude80\ud83d\udca8\ud83d\udc9c <em>K<\/em> deve ser o maior poss\u00edvel, como o enorme valor que leva \u00e0 curva roxa na figura. Isso far\u00e1 com que as renas se movam em modo turbo. E que importa se o chap\u00e9u do Pai Natal voar? Desde que as renas possam suportar for\u00e7a ilimitada, \u00e9 a melhor maneira de lidar com o enorme n\u00famero de presentes a entregar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">b. \ud83c\udfaf\ud83c\udf00\ud83d\udc9b O valor de <em>K<\/em> deve ser definido para um n\u00edvel elevado e apropriado, como sugerido na resposta a amarelo. No entanto, aumentar o <em>K<\/em> para al\u00e9m disto n\u00e3o ajudar\u00e1 o tren\u00f3 a chegar ao destino mais rapidamente, mas causar\u00e1 antes oscila\u00e7\u00f5es em torno do telhado alvo que deixar\u00e3o o Pai Natal e as renas bastante tontos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">c. \u26a1\ud83d\udd27\u2764\ufe0f Aumente-se <em>K<\/em> em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 configura\u00e7\u00e3o atual, mas n\u00e3o demasiado. O valor m\u00e9dio (curva a vermelha) mostra as renas a fazerem o seu melhor, equilibrando velocidade e controlo. O que poderia correr mal? N\u00e3o \u00e9 como se o tren\u00f3 come\u00e7asse de repente a fazer acrobacias, pois n\u00e3o?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">d. \ud83d\udc22\ud83d\udcda\ud83d\udc99 Mantenha-se a configura\u00e7\u00e3o atual. Claro que \u00e9 um pouco lento mas \u00e9 fi\u00e1vel. Al\u00e9m disso, \u00e9 prefer\u00edvel jogar pelo seguro at\u00e9 fazer aquele curso de design de realimenta\u00e7\u00e3o PID e conseguir projectar devidamente uma estrat\u00e9gia de condu\u00e7\u00e3o de renas no pr\u00f3ximo Natal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">e. \ud83e\udd16\u2728\ud83c\udf85 Esta quest\u00e3o est\u00e1 al\u00e9m da teoria de controlo \u2014 cai no \u00e2mbito da intelig\u00eancia artificial! Vamos ensinar as renas do Pai Natal a aprender em tempo real. Pr\u00f3xima paragem, renas-rob\u00f4 e passeios de tren\u00f3 com IA!<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"yop-poll-container\" data-yop-poll-id=\"18\"><script type=\"application\/json\" data-yop-poll-init>{\"poll\":{\"id\":\"18\",\"name\":\"13-Dec-2024\",\"template\":\"3\",\"template_base\":\"classic\",\"skin_base\":\"red-v1\",\"status\":\"published\",\"meta_data\":{\"style\":{\"poll\":{\"backgroundColor\":\"#b70004\",\"borderSize\":0,\"borderStyle\":\"none\",\"borderColor\":\"#b70004\",\"borderRadius\":0,\"paddingLeftRight\":10,\"paddingTopBottom\":10},\"questions\":{\"paddingLeftRight\":0,\"paddingTopBottom\":10,\"textColor\":\"#ffffff\",\"textSize\":14,\"textWeight\":\"normal\",\"textAlign\":\"center\"},\"answers\":{\"paddingLeftRight\":0,\"paddingTopBottom\":0,\"textColor\":\"#ffffff\",\"textSize\":14,\"textWeight\":\"normal\",\"skin\":\"minimal\",\"colorScheme\":\"black\"},\"buttons\":{\"backgroundColor\":\"#ffffff\",\"borderSize\":1,\"borderStyle\":\"solid\",\"borderColor\":\"#000000\",\"borderRadius\":0,\"paddingLeftRight\":10,\"paddingTopBottom\":5,\"textColor\":\"#000000\",\"textSize\":14,\"textWeight\":\"normal\",\"align\":\"center\"},\"errors\":{\"borderLeftColorForSuccess\":\"#008000\",\"borderLeftColorForError\":\"#ff0000\",\"borderLeftSize\":10,\"paddingTopBottom\":0,\"textColor\":\"#000000\",\"textSize\":14,\"textWeight\":\"normal\"},\"captcha\":[],\"custom\":{\"css\":\"\"}},\"options\":{\"poll\":{\"voteButtonLabel\":\"&gt;&gt;&gt;\",\"showResultsLink\":\"no\",\"resultsLabelText\":\"Results\",\"showTotalVotes\":\"no\",\"showTotalAnswers\":\"no\",\"startDateOption\":\"now\",\"startDateCustom\":\"\",\"endDateOption\":\"never\",\"endDateCustom\":\"\",\"redirectAfterVote\":\"no\",\"redirectUrl\":\"\",\"redirectAfter\":\"\",\"pageLink\":\"\",\"useCaptcha\":\"no\",\"enableGdpr\":\"no\",\"gdprSolution\":\"ask_consent\",\"gdprConsentText\":\"\",\"loadWithAjax\":\"no\",\"notificationMessageLocation\":\"top\"},\"results\":{\"showResultsMoment\":[\"never\"],\"customDateResults\":\"\",\"showResultsTo\":[],\"resultsDetails\":[\"percentages\"],\"backToVoteOption\":\"no\",\"backToVoteCaption\":\"Back to vote\",\"sortResults\":\"as-defined\",\"sortResultsRule\":\"asc\",\"displayResultsAs\":\"bar\"},\"access\":{\"votePermissions\":[\"wordpress\"]}}}},\"elements\":[{\"id\":\"18\",\"poll_id\":\"18\",\"etext\":\"Choose an option:\",\"etype\":\"question-text\",\"status\":\"active\",\"sorder\":\"1\",\"meta_data\":{\"allowOtherAnswers\":\"no\",\"otherAnswersLabel\":\"Other\",\"addOtherAnswers\":\"no\",\"displayOtherAnswersInResults\":\"no\",\"resultsColorForOtherAnswers\":\"#000000\",\"allowMultipleAnswers\":\"no\",\"multipleAnswersMinim\":\"1\",\"multipleAnswersMaxim\":\"1\",\"answersDisplay\":\"horizontal\",\"answersColumns\":\"\",\"answersSort\":\"as-defined\"},\"subelements\":[{\"id\":\"112\",\"poll_id\":\"18\",\"element_id\":\"18\",\"stext\":\"a\",\"stype\":\"text\",\"status\":\"active\",\"sorder\":\"1\",\"meta_data\":{\"makeDefault\":\"0\",\"makeLink\":\"0\",\"link\":\"\",\"resultsColor\":\"#000000\"}},{\"id\":\"113\",\"poll_id\":\"18\",\"element_id\":\"18\",\"stext\":\"b\",\"stype\":\"text\",\"status\":\"active\",\"sorder\":\"2\",\"meta_data\":{\"makeDefault\":\"0\",\"makeLink\":\"0\",\"link\":\"\",\"resultsColor\":\"#000000\"}},{\"id\":\"114\",\"poll_id\":\"18\",\"element_id\":\"18\",\"stext\":\"c\",\"stype\":\"text\",\"status\":\"active\",\"sorder\":\"3\",\"meta_data\":{\"makeDefault\":\"0\",\"makeLink\":\"0\",\"link\":\"\",\"resultsColor\":\"#000000\"}},{\"id\":\"176\",\"poll_id\":\"18\",\"element_id\":\"18\",\"stext\":\"d\",\"stype\":\"text\",\"status\":\"active\",\"sorder\":\"4\",\"meta_data\":{\"makeDefault\":\"0\",\"makeLink\":\"0\",\"link\":\"\",\"resultsColor\":\"#000000\"}},{\"id\":\"177\",\"poll_id\":\"18\",\"element_id\":\"18\",\"stext\":\"e\",\"stype\":\"text\",\"status\":\"active\",\"sorder\":\"5\",\"meta_data\":{\"makeDefault\":\"0\",\"makeLink\":\"0\",\"link\":\"\",\"resultsColor\":\"#000000\"}}]}],\"messages\":{\"captcha\":{\"accessibility-alt\":\"Sound icon\",\"accessibility-title\":\"Accessibility option: listen to a question and answer it!\",\"accessibility-description\":\"Type below the [STRONG]answer[\\\/STRONG] to what you hear. 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<span class=\"more-link\"><a href=\"https:\/\/control-advent.com\/?p=1066\" class=\"readmore\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">13 &#8211; O Debate sobre a Lei da Realimenta\u00e7\u00e3o: O Pai Natal Deveria Exigir Mais das Suas Renas?<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":427,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[91],"tags":[99],"class_list":["post-1066","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-portuguese","tag-99"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/control-advent.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1066","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/control-advent.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/control-advent.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/control-advent.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/control-advent.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1066"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/control-advent.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1066\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1114,"href":"https:\/\/control-advent.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1066\/revisions\/1114"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/control-advent.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/427"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/control-advent.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1066"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/control-advent.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1066"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/control-advent.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1066"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}